Climate Neutrality & Net-Zero
Drivers
Obstacles
Frequently asked questions briefly explained
The terms climate-neutral and CO2-neutral are often used interchangeably, which is not entirely accurate. Climate neutrality also encompasses other greenhouse gases such as methane, CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), and nitrous oxide, and is not limited solely to CO2 emissions. To achieve climate neutrality, companies must be aware of their CO2 emissions, calculate them, reduce these emissions, and offset unavoidable emissions – carbon balancing. Additionally, they must refrain from or offset all other actions that influence the climate. Being climate-neutral is equivalent to greenhouse gas neutrality plus neutrality concerning all other human-induced changes affecting the climate.
Greenhouse gas neutral is typically used synonymously with climate neutral. In fact, greenhouse gas neutrality is the more precise term for what is meant by Climate-neutral. The term includes not only CO2 emissions but also other greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide, which must be considered in the calculation, reduction, and offsetting strategies. The focus is on ensuring that the atmosphere and, consequently, the Earth’s climate system are no longer altered by the emission of greenhouse gases from a certain point onward.
The term refers only to CO2 emissions. All other greenhouse gases are excluded. Here, the focus is to measure, reduce, and offset them so that the generated CO2emissions are balanced, having no impact on the atmospheric CO2 levels.
Net-Zero emissions, as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), entails the removal of greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans that persist despite all reduction measures. Net-Zero seeks to raise the standard and fills the gap left by climate neutrality. Simply offsetting emissions, as is the case with CO2 neutrality, climate neutrality, or greenhouse gas neutrality, is not sufficient here. To achieve Net-Zero, additional natural sinks such as soils, forests, and wetlands, or artificial sinks (such as new technologies for carbon capture and storage, CSS), must be established. It involves the gradual advancement of projects that not only offset but also remove CO2 emissions (Carbon Removal). Net-Zero is the highest standard and includes not only Scope 1 and 2 but also Scope 3. It is not enough to offset emissions; they must be removed from the atmosphere.
These are greenhouse gases that are removed from the atmosphere, for example, by creating CO2-absorbing natural ecosystems such as wetlands and forests. A state of complete emission-free conditions will not be achievable, especially in industrialized nations. There will always be a need to offset emissions or remove them from the atmosphere. When more greenhouse gases are offset than emitted, it is referred to as negative emissions.